Meeting Presentations

The Ocean Sciences Meeting (OSM) is a unique gathering designed to foster connection and collaboration among researchers and solution scientists in the greater ocean-connected community. Every two years, scientists from across the globe gather together to share the latest research findings, collaborate on solutions, and make lasting partnerships with the goal of advancing scientific knowledge and impacts.

The Ocean Sciences Meeting is an Endorsed Decade Action program with the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union (AGU), the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO), and The Oceanography Society (TOS), we welcome a diverse community of scientists, students, journalists, policymakers, educators and organizations who are working toward a world where scientific discovery leads to scientific solutions, and where our global collaborations and partnerships can carry us into a sustainable future.

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Advancing the Visualization of Volumetric Ocean Processes for Domes, Spheres, and Flat Screens

Smith, L.M., Wyatt, R.J., Connolly, R., Morét, S., SubbaRao, M., Shirah, G.W., and Hurtado, J.P. The internet is awash in gorgeous data visualizations of ocean processes developed from large scale models, satellite data, and decades of in situ observations. These are increasingly displayed/presented at informal learning environments... MORE »

Boundary Pressure: A Unique Window into Atlantic Transport Variability

Styles, A., Boland, E., Hughes, C.W.W., Gururaj, S., and Jones, D. Away from continental boundaries, the variability of the global ocean is often dominated by eddies. Despite this interior turbulence, ocean boundary pressures on opposing sides of a basin can vary coherently over interannual to decadal timescales... MORE »

Contribution of Individual Surface Forcings to Observed Southern Ocean Temperature and Salinity Trends

Luongo, M., Armour, K., and Johnson, G.C. While most coupled climate models predict that the Southern Ocean (SO) should have warmed since 1980, SO sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have in fact cooled over that same period. Many studies have investigated whether this model mismatch might... MORE »

Controls on Circulation, Stratification, and Ventilation in Subpolar Gyres

Shankle, M., and MacGilchrist, G. Subpolar gyres, found in the high latitudes of both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, are important features of the global ocean – often serving as key regions for deep water formation and the uptake of climatologically relevant tracers... MORE »

Determining Atmospheric Drivers of Upper Southern Ocean Temperature Variability

Rosenberg, N.A., Amrhein, D.E., and Thompson, L. Upper ocean heat content in the Southern Ocean has exhibited surprising trends and patterns of variability over the last several decades, including notable cooling in the Pacific sector and a strong zonal asymmetry. Investigators have attempted... MORE »

Development of MITgcm ECCO-Downscaled Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea Regional Simulation

Nakayama, Y., Hyogo, S., Lin, Y., Yat-sen, S., Park, T., Poinelli, M., Sathiyamohan, G., Zhang, H., and Dutrieux, P. The Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas (ABS) are among the most rapidly changing regions in the Southern Ocean, playing a critical role in Antarctic ice shelf mass loss and global sea-level rise. Several ocean models have been developed to understand.. MORE »

Diagnosing the Internal Variability of Arctic Sea Surface Temperature, Salinity, Stratification, and Transports in Historical CMIP6

Balcer, L., and Zanowski, H. The Arctic Ocean has changed drastically over the last several decades, with decadal warming and freshening of the sea surface being clear proxies for anthropogenic forcing. The competing influences of Pacification in the Eurasian Basin and... MORE »

ENSO-Related Rossby Waves Modulate the Upper-Ocean Stratification in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

Pan, L., and Liang, X. Upper-ocean stratification profoundly influences mass and energy exchange between the surface and deep ocean, impacting ventilation, mixed layer entrainment, oceanic dynamics, and air-sea interactions. This, in turn, has broad implications for... MORE »

Exploring Tidal Influences on Surface Current and Mesoscale Eddies in the Northern Bay of Bengal Using CROCO Modeling

Khan, T.S., Chowdhury, K.M.A., Capuano, T.A., Chowdhury, N.U.M.K., Moontahab, A., and Sadiya, A. The Bay of Bengal (BoB), a tropical basin in the northern Indian Ocean enclosed on three sides by land, is characterized by high freshwater input from rivers, wind-driven upwelling and downwelling, strong rainfall, and pronounced seasonal... MORE »

Generation and Propagation of Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic Salinity Anomalies

Haine, T.W.N., and Jiang, W. The Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic (E-SPNA) upper ocean experiences pronounced interannual salinity variations that influence the global overturning circulation, yet a quantitative understanding of their lifecycle remains lacking... MORE »

Global Anomalous Water Mass Budgets for Marine Heatwaves in ECCOv4r4

Liu, R., Forget, G., Zhao, Z., Torres, M., Ross, A., and Drake, H.F. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) and their impacts are emerging as a critical research frontier in the context of global warming. Previous studies have largely attributed the mechanisms of MHWs using mixed-layer heat budgets, yet such approaches face... MORE »

Identifying Global Ocean Carbon Dynamical Regions Using Unsupervised Machine Learning Methods

Zemskova, V., Prasad, S., and Yin, H. Oceans play a critical role in moderating atmospheric carbon dioxide levels as they are one of the largest carbon sinks. Understanding where carbon is stored and how it circulates within the ocean interior is instrumental in estimating... MORE »

Impact of Terrestrial Climate Change on Tidal Dissipation and Lunar Orbit Evolution

Plombat, H., Arbic, B.K., Boggs, D.H., Menemenlis, D., Ray, R., Schindelegger, M., and Williams, J.G. Small changes in M2 ocean tide over the past three decades have been detected through satellite altimetry data and reproduced by numerical tidal modeling (Opel et al., 2024; Ray and Schindelegger, 2025). These trends have been attributed to... MORE »

Intercomparison and Validation of AMOC Diagnostics in Marine Environmental Reanalyses

Cheng, S., Chen, Y., and Haines, K. Accurate representation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in Marine Environmental Reanalyses (MERs) is critical for climate assessments and decadal forecasting. However, significant inter-product discrepancies... MORE »

Interregional Comparison of Internal-Wave Dissipation Mechanisms and Spectra from Regional Ocean Models and Finescale-Based Observations

Skitka, L., Polzin, K.L., Menemenlis, D., Arbic, B.K., and Peltier, W.R. Regional deviations of ocean internal-wave (IW) spectra from the empirical Garrett-Munk (1976) model have been widely documented and are thought to depend in part on variations in forcing mechanisms, including from interactions with mesoscale... MORE »

Investigating the Change and Variability in the Indian Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation

Alsumaina, K.N., and Rathore, S. The Indian Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation (IMOC) is a key component of the global thermohaline circulation, regulating heat transport, ocean–atmosphere interactions, and long-term climate variability. Compared to other basins... MORE »

Investigating Warm Water Variability and Glacial Meltwater in West Greenland with an High Resolution Ocean Model

Otani, W., Nakayama, Y., Wood, M., Fenty, I.G., Wekerle, C., and Mensah, V. Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has been increasing for the past decades. GrIS mass loss is driven primarily by the buoyancy plume at the glacier front, which entrains warm Atlantic water into the fjord. In the open ocean, the warm... MORE »

Isopycnal Stirring and Eddy Advection in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Sastry, P., Tandon, A., and Altabet, M.A. Isopycnal stirring, usually parameterized as a horizontal diffusivity K_H in models, is important in determining the distribution of water masses and tracers in the ocean. Model outcomes like large-scale ocean circulation and... MORE »

Maps of Internal Wave Dissipation from a High-resolution Global Ocean Model

Peddada, S.H., Arbic, B.K., Menemenlis, D., Skitka, J., Shaji, A.V., Buijsman, M.C., Polzin, K.L., Momeni, K., and Peltier, W.R. Internal wave-driven mixing is a crucial component of ocean mixing in the ocean interior. Recent advances in high-resolution global ocean general circulation models allow us to map realistic internal wave-driven dissipation and mixing... MORE »

Quantifying Pathways and Impacts of Interannual Subtropical-to-Tropical and Tropical-to-Subtropical Connections in a Suite of ECCO Experiments

Hersh, C., Gebbie, G., Wijffels, S.A., and Forget, G. In the global subtropical oceans, water mass properties (e.g. salinity, temperature) are set at the surface and subducted along ventilated pathways that flow toward upwelling sites in the tropics. Earlier work has indicated that some interannual... MORE »

Quantifying the Contribution of Mesoscale SSH Features to Flooding of Islands in the Pacific Ocean

Nambiathody, A., Rodriguez, A.R., Thompson, P.R., Merrifield, M.A., Mazloff, M.R., Menemenlis, D., and Hamlington, B. Low-lying Pacific Island nations face an existential threat from sea level rise, which is already impacting communities through more frequent flooding and coastline changes. The Rising Nations Initiative (RNI), supported by the UN Global Centre... MORE »

Quantifying Uncertainties in Ocean Heat Transport Estimates: Insights from ECCO and an Ensemble of Ocean Reanalyses

Forget, G., Winkelbauer, S., Mayer, M., Song, Y., Bourdalle-Badie, R., and Yang, C. Global ocean reanalyses provide the most comprehensive observational record of ocean transports, serving as a critical benchmark for evaluating coupled climate model projections over the historical record. Ocean heat transport (OHT) is a key... MORE »

Recent Changes in Global Ocean N₂O fluxes and Their Relationship to Ocean Climate Variability: A Modeling Study

Ma, K., Manizza, M., Liu, Y., Menemenlis, D., Tian, H., Zhang, K.Q., Yang, Q., Liu, C., and Feng, Y. The ocean plays an important role in regulating atmospheric N₂O levels, however, its contribution remains poorly constrained. Here, we implemented an N₂O module into the Estimating Circulation and Climate of the Ocean-Darwin... MORE »

Reconstructing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at Mid-Latitudes Using Indirect Observations

Worthington, E., Le Bras, I., and Sanchez-Franks, A. Since 2004 the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been observed at 26°N by the RAPID project, and in 2014 it was joined by the Overturning in the Sub-Polar North Atlantic Programme (OSNAP) at around 58°N... MORE »

Regional Changes in Arctic Sea Ice Inform Prediction of Future Tipping Points

Bertin, C., Miller, C.E., Carroll, D., Menemenlis, D., Zahn, M., and Wang, O. The Arctic is warming four times faster than the global average, with sea ice experiencing a dramatic decline and transitioning the Arctic Ocean to a new state in a series of tipping point events. To better understand sea-ice dynamics and improve... MORE »

Results of the Second Ice Shelf – Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (ISOMIP+)

Yung, C., Asay-Davis, X., Adcroft, A., Bull, C.Y.S., De Rydt, J., Dinniman, M.S., et al. Ocean-driven basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves plays an important role in the mass loss of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Ice shelf cavity-resolving ocean models are a valuable tool for understanding ice shelf-ocean interactions and for simulating... MORE »

Role of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Variability in North Atlantic Ocean Carbon Storage and its Drivers

Lauderdale, J.M., Carroll, D., Mackay, N.S., Suselj, K., Menemenlis, D., and Zhang, H. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a crucial role in the variability of the ocean carbon sink through physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystem interactions. Ocean circulation influences carbon storage both directly by... MORE »

Sea Level Inter-Comparison Within MER-EP

de Boisseson, E., Zuo, H., and Balmaseda, M. Sea level is one of the key variables for climate monitoring. Over the past 3 decades, altimetry satellites have provided precise continuous observations of the global mean sea level (GMSL) and sea level rise has become a major climate change... MORE »

Southern Ocean Overturning Response to Antarctic Sea Ice Decline

Zhang, S., Thompson, A.F., Menemenlis, D., Newsom, E.R., Bonan, D.B., Zhang, H., and Kacimi, S. From 1979 to 2016, Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) experienced a small but steady increase, despite rising global mean surface temperatures. Since 2016, however, Antarctic SIE has undergone multiple dramatic declines, including the lowest SIE on. ... MORE »

Spectral Kinetic Energy Cascades from SWOT Observations in the Kuroshio Region

Chang, J.-X., and Arbic, B.K. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite provides two-dimensional sea surface height (SSH) measurements at sub-10 km resolution. We use SWOT Level 3 1-day SSH data in the Kuroshio region to investigate surface kinetic energy... MORE »

Temperature Change in Mode Water Source Regions

Song, Y., and Forget, G. Mode waters control the fate of anthropogenic heat/carbon uptake in the ocean. Yet their trends, variability, and the underlying interplay of processes remain inadequately understood. Using two data-driven temperature reanalysis products that... MORE »

The Influence of Mackenzie River Discharge on Early Sea Ice Formation

Zahn, M., Fournier, S., Fenty, I.G., Steele, M., Wood, M., and Gaube, P. Coastal sea ice formation and melt are driven by complex interactions between oceanic, atmospheric, and terrestrial processes, including riverine freshwater input. In the Arctic, salinity governs upper ocean stratification and thus... MORE »

The Marine Environment Reanalyses Evaluation Project MER-EP: Towards an Improved Knowledge of the Global Ocean Environment of the Past Decades, to Support Ocean Applications and Ocean Prediction

Yang, C., Bourdalle-Badie, R., Cipollone, A., and Drevillon, M. Ocean reanalyses are reconstructed past ocean states by combining ocean numerical models and observations through data assimilation techniques. Thanks to their temporal and spatial consistency, continuity, and high accuracy, ocean reanalyses are... MORE »

The Ocean’s Hidden Buffer: Deep-Ocean Benthic Alkalinity Fluxes, CO₂ Neutralisation Potential, and an Emerging Anthropogenic Fingerprint

van der Zant, H., Sulpis, O., Marseille, A., Le Fouest, V., and Carroll, D. The ocean’s gigatonne-scale CO₂ uptake depends not only on physics and biology at the surface, but also on benthic processes that supply total alkalinity (TA) through exchange at the sediment–water interface, thereby modulating the carbonate buffer. ... MORE »

Update on OneArgo and GO-SHIP: Sustained Ocean Observations for Heat, Freshwater, Biogeochemistry, and Tracers

Talley, L.D., McDonagh, E., Wijffels, S.A., King, B.A., and Barbero, L. The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is the international partnership of sustained ocean observing networks that provide data sets critical for a wide range of applications. We highlight the two GOOS networks providing deep interior ocean... MORE »

Vertical Motions in the Southern Ocean

Feinstein, M., and Liang, X. Vertical motions (i.e., upwelling and downwelling) are crucial for the Southern Ocean's role in global ocean circulation and climate, as they govern the transport of heat, carbon, and nutrients. However, a comprehensive analysis... MORE »

Water Mass Contributions and Eddy Effects on AMOC Variability

Sun, Y., and Czaja, A. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a fundamental component of the global climate system, redistributing heat and regulating climate. Understanding its variability is therefore critical... MORE »

Water Mass Transformation in the Arctic Ocean from Observationally Constrained Ocean State Estimates

Reiss, R.F., and Mashayek, A. Located at the northern terminus of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), water mass transformations in the Arctic Ocean are important for both regional dynamics and the global ocean circulation... MORE »